ATSUIĪpple's advanced typographical system. Its precise meaning in modern typography seems to vary with different definers. In traditional typography the ascent of a font was the distance from the top of a block of type to the baseline. Used to specify mark-to-base and cursive GPOS subtables. See also X-height, Cap-height, Descender, Overshoot, Baseline Anchor Class AscenderĪ stem on a lower case letter which extends above the x-height. The piece of the letter r that hangs off to the right. Includes contextual substitutions, ligatures, kerning, etc. Apple Advanced TypographyĪpple's extension to basic TrueType fonts. See Also: abjad, abugida, syllabary and the relevant Wikipedia article (). AlphabetĪ writing system where there are glyphs for all phonemes - consonants and vowels alike - and (in theory anyway) all phonemes in a word will be marked by an appropriate glyph. The distance between the start of this glyph and the start of the next glyph. See Also: alphabet, abjad, syllabary and the relevant Wikipedia article (). All vowels other than the default will be marked by either diacritics or some other modification to the base consonant.Īn abugida differs from a syllabary in that there is a common theme to the the images representing a syllable beginning with a given consonant (that is, the glyph for the consonant), while in a syllabary each syllable is distinct even if two start with a common consonant.Īn abugida differs from an abjad in that vowels (other than the default) must be marked in the abugida. In most abugidas there are independant glyphs for the consonants, and each consonant is implicitly followed by a default vowel sound. The Indic writing systems are probably the best known abugidas. AbugidaĪn abugida is somewhere in between an alphabet and a syllabary. See Also: alphabet, abugida, syllabary and the relevant Wikipedia article (). Ancient Phoenician had nothing but consonants and is a "pure" abjad. Abjad is the technical term for the type of writing system used by Semitic languages (Hebrew, Arabic, etc.), where there are glyphs for all the consonants but the reader must be prepared to guess what vowel to add between two consonants.īoth Hebrew and Arabic have optional vowel marks and are called "impure" abjads.
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